മൂല്യവർദ്ധിത ഉൽപ്പന്നങ്ങൾ

H-cp-Im-e-¯v km-[m-c-W- `-£-W- L-S-I-am-bn- I-W-¡m-¡s¸«n-cp-¶- Iq-¬-, A-h-bpsS -t]mj-I- Kp-W-§-fpw- -sshhn-[y-hpw- Im-c-Ww- Iq-Sp-X-Â- P-\-{]o-Xn- B-I-À-jn-¨p- h-cn-I-bm-Wv. Iq-Wn-sâ aq-ey-h-À-²nX- D-Â-¸-¶-§-fpsS H-cp- hn-im-e-am-b- -t{iWn- Xs¶ C-¶v \n-e-hn-ep-ïv.

sI¨v-A-¸v:

]p-Xp-Xm-bn- hn-fshSp-¯- Iq-¬- I-gp-In-, I-j-W-§-fm-¡n- AtX A-f-hv -shÅ-¯n-Â- 20 an-\n-äv -thhn-¡p-I-. H-cp- an-IvkÀ- -ss{K³-U-À- D-]tbmKn-¨v Iq-¬- -t]kväv X-¿m-dm-¡p-¶p-. Iq-h-, hn-\m-Kn-cn- (1.5%), a-äv -tNcp-h-I-Ä- F-¶n-h- -t]kvän-Â- I-e-À-¯n-b-Xn-\ptijw- -sI¨v-A-¸v A-Wp-hn-ap-à-am-¡n-b- Ip-¸n-I-fntem Pm-dp-I-fntem \n-d-bv¡p-¶p-.

N-SvWn- - -s]mSn-:

Iq-¬- I-gp-In- hr-¯n-bm-¡n- -sNdp-Xm-bn- ap-dn-¨tijw- ]-¯p- an-\n-äv B-hn-bn-Â- -thhn-¡p-I-. C-Xnte¡v Ip-cp-ap-f-Iv-s]mSn-, hn-\m-Kn-cn-, D-¸v F-¶n-h- -tNÀ-¯v C-f-¡p-I-. A-Xn-\p- -tijw- -ss{Ub-dn-Â- 74 Un-{Kn- skÂ-ky-kv Nq-Sn-Â- 1-2 a-Wn-¡q-À- D-W-¡p-I-. Np-h-Sp- I-«n-bp-Å- H-cp- ]m-{X-¯n-Â- F-®- Nq-Sm-¡n- -tX§- aq-¸n-¨tijw- -sNdp-Xm-bn- A-cn-ª- C-©n-, h-dp-¯ps]mSn-¨- D-gp-¶v]-cn-¸v F-¶n-h- -tNÀ-¯v C-fw- {_-u-¬- B-Ip-¶-Xv hsc C-f-¡p-I-. Cu- an-{in-Xw- -sNdp-NqtSm-sS an-Ivkn-bn-Â- A-c-bv¡p-I-. Nq-Sm-dn-b-Xn-\ptijw- hm-bp- I-S-¡m-¯- -t]mfn-¯o-³- I-h-dn-em-¡n- ko-Â- -sNbvXp- kq-£n-¡p-I- . 

kq-¸v an-Ivkv:

Iq-¬- hr-¯n-bm-bn- I-gp-In- -shÅw- I-f-ªtijw- -sNdp-Xm-bn- ap-dn-¨v ]-¯v an-\n-äv B-hn-bn-Â- -thhn-¡p-I-. -thhn-¨- Iq-¬- A-c-¨v -t]kväv cq-]-¯n-em-¡p-I-. -sNdn-b- D-Ån-, h-en-b- D-Ån-, -shfp-¯p-Ån- F-¶n-h- Hmtcm-t¶m-tcm¶m-bn- A-c-¨v h-bv¡p-I-. X-¡m-fn- 80 Un-{Kn- Nq-Sp-Å- -shÅ-¯n-Â- 15 an-\n-äv ap-¡n-bn-«- -tijw- -sXmen-I-f-ª- A-c-¡p-I-. ap-I-fn-Â- ]-d-ª-hsbÃmw- Iq-«n- -tbmPn-¸n-¨- ]m-{X-¯n-Â- \n-c-¯n- D-W-¡m-³- -sh¡p-I-. D-W-§n-b- -tijw- an-Ivkn-bn-Â- -s]mSn-¡p-I-. -tIm¬- ^v-temÀ-, Ip-cp-ap-f-Ips]mSn- F-¶n-h- -tNÀ-¯v \-Ã-Xpt]m-se -tbmPn-¸n-¡p-I-. ¹m-kvän-Iv I-h-dp-I-fm-¡n- ko-Â- -sNbvXp- kq-£n-¡p-I-.

Iq-¬- ]n-¡n-Ä-:

Iq-¬- I-gp-In- hr-¯n-bm-¡n- Htc h-ep-¸-¯n-ep-Å- -sNdn-b- I-jvW-§-fm-¡n- ap-dn-¨v 5–10 an-\n-äv B-hn-bn-Â- -thhn-¡p-I-. H-cp- ]m-{X-¯n-Â- F-®- Nq-Sm-¡n- A-cn-ªv -sh¨- khm-f- aq¸n¨v  am-äp-I-. -sNdp-Xm-bn- A-cn-ª- C-©n-, -shfp-¯p-Ån-, ]-¨-ap-f-Iv F-¶n-h- F-®-bn-Â- h-g-än- cp-Nn-Iq-«pw- -tNÀ-¯v aq-¸n-¡p-I-. A-Xn-\ptijw- B-hn-I-b-än-b- Iq-¬- -tNÀ-¯v h-g-äp-I-. C-Xnte¡v ap-f-Ips]mSn-, a-ª-Äs]mSn-, h-g-änsh¨- khm-f- F-¶n-h- -tNÀ-¯v Ip-d-¨v ka-bw- h-g-äp-I-. ]n-¶o-Sv hn-\m-Kn-cn-, D-¸v, H-cp- \p-Åv ]-©-km-c- F¶nh -tNÀ-¯v C-f-¡p-I-. A-Sp-¸n-Â-\n-¶pw- am-än- B-dpt¼mÄ- I-h-dp-I-fn-Â- ko-Â- -sNbvXv kq-£n-¡p-I-. cp-Nn-¡q-«n-\m-bn- D-ep-h-bpw- I-Sp-Ipw- hn-\m-Kn-cn-bn-Â- 24 a-Wn-¡q-À- C-«v -sh¨tijw- CsXÃmw- Iq-Sn- hn-\m-Kn-cn-bn-Â- A-cs¨Sp-¡p-I-.

Iq-¬- I-dn- dnt«mÀ-«v ]-u-¨p-I-fn-Â- -:

t]mfns{]m¸n-eo-³, A-ep-an-\n-bw-, t]mfn-kvä-À- F-¶n-h-bn-Â-\n-¶v  \n-À-an-¡p-¶- ]m-¡n-§n-\p-]tbmKn-¡p-¶- H-cp- km-a-{Kn-bm-Wv dnt«mÀ-«v ]-u-¨v. {]n-kÀthäo-hp-I-Ä- B-h-iy-an-Ãm-¯- H-cp- \q-X-\- kmt¦Xn-I- hn-Zy-bm-Wv C-Xv.

Iq-¬- Idn- X-¿m-dm-¡m-³- B-Zyw- H-cp- -ss{^bnw-Kv ]m-\n-Â- F-®- -tNÀ-¯v Nq-Sm-¡n-, D-Ån-, ]-¨-ap-f-Iv F-¶n-h- A-cn-ª-Xv F-®-bn-Â- -tNÀ-¯v kz-À-®–X-hn-«v \n-d-am-Ip-¶-Xp-hsc h-g-äp-I-. -shfp-¯p-Ån-, C-©n- F-¶n-h- -A-c-¨v -t]kväv cq-]-¯n-em-¡n-, F-®- ho-ïpw- -sXfn-bp-¶-Xp-hsc h-g-äp-I-. -tijw- I-dns¸mSn-, D-¸v, Np-h-¶- ap-f-Ips]mSn- F-¶n-h- -tNÀ-¯v h-g-äp-I-. Cu- kp-K-Ô-hy-RvP-\- an-{in-X-¯nte¡v G-ItZiw- H-cp- en-ä-À- -shÅw- -tNÀ-¯v I-«n-bp-Å- kvYn-c-X- e-`n-¡p-¶-Xp-hsc Xn-f-¸n-¡p-I-. \q-dv {Kmw Iq-¬- dnt«mÀ-«v ]-u-¨p-I-fn-Â- \n-d-¨ -tijw- A-Xnte¡v 50 {Kmw- I-dn- -tNÀ-¯v 121 Un-{Kn- skÂ-jy-kn-Â- 43 an-\n-äv -t\cw -sh¨- -tijw- D-S-\-Sn- X-Wp-¸n-¡p-I-.

dnt«mÀ-«v ]m-bv¡v
dnt«mÀ-«v -sajo-³-

Iq-¬- Nn-]vkv:

]p-Xp-Xm-bn- hn-fshSp-¯-  Iq-Wp-I-Ä- I-gp-In-, 2 an-Ão-ao-ä-À I-\-¯n-Â- I-j-W-§-fm-¡n- 2% D-¸pshÅ- em-b-\n-bn-Â- »m-©v -sN¿p-¶p-. -tijw- 0.1% kn-{Sn-Iv B-kn-Uv + 1.5% tkmUn-bw- -t¢m-ssdUv, Np-h-¶- ap-f-Ips]mSn- F-¶n-h-bpsS em-b-\n-bn-Â- Iq-¬- 12 a-Wn-¡q-À- ap-¡n-h-bv¡p-¶p-. em-b-\n- h-än-¨- -tijw-, Iq-¬- H-cp- Im-_n-\-äv {U-b-dn-Â- 60 Un-{Kn-bn-Â 8 a-Wn-¡q-À- D-W-¡p-¶p-. ]n-¶o-Sv A-Xv ip-²o-I-cn-¨- F-®-bn-Â- h-dp-¯v \-Ã- \n-e-hm-c-ap-Å- Nn-]vkv X-¿m-dm-¡p-¶p-. cp-Nn- h-À-²n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v K-cw- a-km-e-bpw- a-äv kp-K-Ô-hy-RvP-\-§-fpw- Nn-]vkp-I-fn-Â- hn-X-dmw-. a-km-e- ]p-c-«n-b- a-jvdqw- Nn-]vkv 120 -ssa-t{Im I-«n-bp-Å t]mfns{]m¸n-eo-³ ]m-¡-äp-I-fn-Â- ]m-bv¡v -sNbvXv ko-Â- -sNbvXv -te_-Â- -sN¿p-¶p-.

Iq-¬- an-Tm-bn-:

B-Zy-am-bn- ]-©-km-c-bpw- -shÅ-hpw- Xp-ey- A-f-hn-Â- F-Sp-¯v ]m-hv X-¿m-dmt¡ï-Xm-Wv.C-§s\ X-¿m-dm-¡n-b- kn-d-¸n-sâ I-«n- 70 Un-{Kn- {_n-Ivkv  B-bn-cn-¡-Ww-.Cu- kn-d-¸nte¡v Iq-¬- -tNÀ-¯v kn-d-¸v ho-ïpw- Nq-Smt¡ï-Xm-Wv .]m-hv Ip-dp-In- h-cp-¶-Xn-\-\p-kcn-¨v,Iq-¬- I-jvW-§-fnte¡v ]-©-km-c- B-Kn-c-Ww- -sN¿s¸Sp-¶p-.an-{in-Xw- Nq-Sm-dn-b-Xn-\ptijw-,Iq-¬- I-jvW-§-Ä- ]-©-km-c- em-b-\n-bn-Â- \n-¶pw- \o-¡w- -sNbvXv -t{SI-fn-Â- \n-c-¯n- F-b-À- {U-b-dn-sâ klm-bt¯m-sS 60 Un-{Kn- Xm-]-\n-e-bn-Â- G-ItZiw- 10 a-Wn-¡q-À- D-W-¡p-I.

Iq-¬-Ir-jn-bp-am-bn- _-Ôs¸«- klm-b-hpw- ]-cn-io-e-\-hpw- -tIc-f-¯nse hn-hn-[- Ir-jn- hn-Úm-\- -tI{µ-§-fn-epw- Im-À-jn-I- -tIm-tfPp-I-fn-epw- e-`y-am-Wv.